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Analysis of larval oyster grazing by flow cytometry ArchiMer
Chretiennot-dinet, Marie-josèphe; Vaulot, Daniel; Galois, Robert; Spano, Anna-maria; Robert, Rene.
The ingestion of 8 algal species by oyster larvae (Crassostrea gigas Thunberg, 1793) was measured by flow cytometry (FCM). In a preliminary experiment, cell size (estimated by light scatter) and chlorophyll fluorescence of 30 algal species were evaluated to select those species which could be mixed together and still be easily discriminated by FCM. Grazing experiments were carried out over 48 h with 6 and 15-day old larvae fed on 3 algal mixtures, each containing 3 different algal species. The concentration of each species was estimated at 0, 6, 12, 24 and 48 h by FCM. Grazing pressure on a given algal species was dependent upon the age of the larvae, the time of the day and the composition of the mixture. Grazing rates of older larvae were about twice...
Tipo: Text Palavras-chave: Oyster larvae; Crassostrea gigas; Grazing; Algae; Selective feeding; Flow cytometry.
Ano: 1991 URL: http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00090/20164/17817.pdf
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Anesthesia in Pacific oyster, Crassostrea gigas ArchiMer
Suquet, Marc; De Kermoysan, Goulwen; Araya, Ricardo Gonzalez; Queau, Isabelle; Lebrun, Luc; Le Souchu, Pierrick; Mingant, Christian.
A reliable anaesthesia and sampling protocol for Pacific oysters will enable experiments to be conducted without sacrificing animals and will facilitate successive sampling of individuals for gametogenesis studies. As no such techniques were available for Crassostrea gigas, the present study aimed to define suitable anaesthetic conditions for use with this species. Three groups of ten oysters (mean weight +/- SD, 32.1 +/- 9.0 g) were anaesthetised in 5 L containers. Among different chemicals: benzocaine, eugenol and three different types of magnesium chloride (a laboratory one Flucka (R) - and two designed for agriculture - DEUSA International (R) and Dead SeaWorks (R)) and concentrations tested, one laboratory (concentration: 72 g L-1) and one...
Tipo: Text Palavras-chave: Crassostrea gigas; Pacific oyster; Gonad sampling; Magnesium chloride; Relaxant; Anaesthesia.
Ano: 2009 URL: http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/2009/publication-6352.pdf
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Aneuploidy and its relationship with growth in different populations of the Pacific oyster (Crassostrea gigas, Thunberg) ArchiMer
Boudry, Pierre; Leitao, Alexandra; Mccombie, Helen; Thiriot-quievreux, Catherine.
Cytogenetic abnormalities arising both in mitosis and meiosis are known to be common in bivalves. Here we review result obtained from the observations of somatic aneuploidy in different populations of the commercially important Pacific oyster, Crassostrea gigas. The oysters studied were either (1) produced in IFREMER hatcheries between 1986 and 1999, (some of these were part of the EU funded programme GENEPHYS); or (2) collected from wild populations along the French Atlantic coast. Chromosome numbers were scored from 30 mitotic metaphases in gill tissue per individual studied. Aneuploid cells (2n - X) were observed in all the 13 populations studied. A highly significant negative correlation was observed between the level of aneuploidy and growth, i.e....
Tipo: Text Palavras-chave: Growth; Genetic; Aneuploidy; Crassostrea gigas; Pacific oysters.
Ano: 2000 URL: http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/2000/acte-3446.pdf
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Anomalies branchiales chez Crassostrea gigas (Thunberg) ArchiMer
Comps, Michel.
A la suite de contrôles effectués à l'arrivée en France de Crassostrea gigas importées du Japon, de Corée et de Colombie Britannique, Marteil (1968) signalait chez ces huîtres la présence au niveau des branchies de lésions identiques à celles observées chez Crassostrea angulata Lmk. présentant les symptômes de la maladie des branchies décrite par L. Arvy et A. Franc (1968).
Tipo: Text Palavras-chave: Huître; Crassostrea gigas; Pathologie; Maladie; Branchie.
Ano: 1969 URL: http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00008/11971/8676.pdf
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Anomalies de croissance de la coquille de Crassostrea gigas dans le bassin de Marennes -Oléron. Bilan de toris années d'observation ArchiMer
Heral, Maurice; Berthome, Jean-paul; Polanco Torres, E.; Alzieu, Claude; Deslous-paoli, Jean-marc; Razet, Daniel; Garnier, Jacqueline.
The appearance and changes of the oyster shell's gelatinous bags have been monitored since 1979. The increase in thickness that causes the growth into a "ball" can be explained by an overproduction of gel. The various environmental factors that can intervene in the secretion of gel are successively examined.
Tipo: Text Palavras-chave: Oysters; Shell; Crassostrea gigas; Huîtres; Coquille; Crassostrea gigas.
Ano: 1981 URL: http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/1981/acte-2943.pdf
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Antiviral immunity in the Pacific oyster, Crassostrea gigas: last development and perspective ArchiMer
Renault, Tristan; Faury, Nicole; Barbosa, Valerie; Moreau, Kevin; Haffner, Philippe; Pepin, Jean-francois.
Herpes-like viruses have been reported last decades in various marine mollusc species in association with mortality outbreaks throughout the world (Renault & Novoa 2004). One of these viruses isolated during French outbreaks has been characterised as an unassigned member of the Herpesviridae family and named ostreid herpes virus 1 (OsHV-1) or Pacific oyster herpes virus (Davison et al. 2005). Studying anti-viral non-specific defence mechanisms (innate immunity) is of great interest, because they constitute the only one in molluscs. Therefore, innate immunity has be investigated in the Pacific cupped oyster, Crassostrea gigas. The main aim of the work was focused on the identification and the characterisation of genes induced by OsHV-1 in the Pacific...
Tipo: Text Palavras-chave: Pathoogy; Protein gene; Immunity; Herpesviridae; OsHV 1; Crassostrea gigas; Pacific oyster.
Ano: 2008 URL: http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/2008/acte-4035.pdf
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Application des techniques moléculaires de PCR-RFLP et de PCR-RFLP-SSCP dans l'étude de la différenciation génétique de deux huîtres creuses : Crassostrea gigas et Crassostrea angula ArchiMer
Dufourg, Cecile.
Les 2 taxons d'huîtres creuses C. angulata et C. gigas n'étant pas différenciables sur des critères morphologiques, écologiques ou physiologiques, l'étude de leur passé évolutif fait appel à l'utilisation de marqueurs génétiques. L'étude du polymprohisme des séquences mitochondriales codant pour la sous-unité I de la cytochrome oxydase par la technique de PCR-RFLP a été réalisée sur 197 individus appartenant à 5 populations d'origine géographique différente, de type Crassostrea angulata ou Crassostrea gigas. Elle a permis la construction d'un arbre représentant les relations phylogénétiques entre ces populations. Cet arbre a été comparé à celui établi à partir de l'analyse de 3 marqueurs microsatellites. Les résultats de ces 2 analyses sont similaires et...
Tipo: Text Palavras-chave: Huître creuse; Crassostrea angulata; Crassostrea gigas; Génétique; Polymorphisme; ADN; SSCP; Biologie moléculaire.
Ano: 1998 URL: http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00033/14415/11709.pdf
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Application of a dynamic energy budget model to the Pacific oyster, Crassostrea gigas, reared under various environmental conditions ArchiMer
Pouvreau, Stephane; Bourles, Yves; Lefebvre, Sebastien; Gangnery, Aline; Alunno-bruscia, Marianne.
The Dynamic Energy Budget (DEB) model (Kooijman, S.A.L.M., 1986. Energy budgets can explain body size relations. J. Theor. Biol. 121, 269¿282; Kooijman, S.A.L.M., 2000. Dynamic Energy and Mass Budgets in Biological Systems. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 424 pp.) has been adapted to describe the dynamics of growth and reproduction of the Pacific oyster (Crassostrea gigas) reared in different areas under conditions ranging from controlled to natural. The values of the model parameters were estimated from available physiological data and from published information. The sets of data used to validate the model came from three long-term growth experiments (> 5 months) performed on Pacific oysters reared under different conditions of food and...
Tipo: Text Palavras-chave: Reproductive effort; Reproduction; Growth; Ecophysiology; Dynamic energy budget; Crassostrea gigas.
Ano: 2006 URL: http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/2006/publication-1817.pdf
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Application of a micro-respirometric volumetric method to respiratory measurements of larvae of the Pacific oyster Crassostrea gigas ArchiMer
Goulletquer, Philippe; Wolowicz, Maciej; Latala, Adam; Brown, Craig; Cragg, Simon.
The application of a simple, fast and reliable volumetric microrespirometric method to assess respiration of bivalve larvae is discussed. As a model, C. gigas larvae of various sizes were used. Metabolic activity of veliger larvae was assessed by measuring respiratory rate for use in ecophysiological modelling. As an example of the application of this approach, additional measurements of veliger respiratory rates were carried out to assess the effect on larval metabolism of different concentrations of leachate from wood treated with chromated copper-arsenate (CCA). Veligers of Crassostrea gigas (length from 95 to 331 pm) were fed with a mixture of Isochrysis galbana) and Chaetoceros pumilum cells. Experiments were performed in a 20 degreesC constant...
Tipo: Text Palavras-chave: Crassostrea gigas; Leachate; CCA; Volumetric micro respirometry; Larvae; Metabolism; Respiratory rate.
Ano: 2004 URL: http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/2004/publication-399.pdf
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Apport d'un programme de génétique à une filière de production aquacole : l'exemple de l'ostréiculture ArchiMer
Lapegue, Sylvie; Bedier, Edouard; Goyard, Emmanuel; Degremont, Lionel; Baud, Jean-pierre; Gerard, Andre; Goulletquer, Philippe; Boudry, Pierre.
Two oyster species are currently present along the French coasts : the indigenous European flat oyster (Ostrea edulis), and the Pacific cupped oyster (Crassostrea gigas), that has been introduced from Japan since the beginning of the 70ies. The flat oyster successively suffered from two protozoan diseases during the 60ies and its production decreased from 20 000 tons/year by that time to 1 500 tons/year nowadays. Consequently, the oyster production is principally (99%) based upon the Pacific oyster species with approximately 150 000 tons/year among which 90% are grown from the natural spat. However, the hatchery production of this species is developing and was estimated to 400 to 800 millions spat in 2002. Moreover, strengthened relationships between...
Tipo: Text Palavras-chave: Growth; Selection; Genetic breeding; Genetic; Ostrea edulis; Crassostrea gigas; Oysters; Croissance; Sélection; Amélioration génétique; Génétique; Ostrea edulis; Crassostrea gigas; Huîtres.
Ano: 2004 URL: http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/2003/acte-3491.pdf
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Approche comparative de la variabilité et de la structuration génétique chez deux espèces d'huîtres cultivées (Crassostrea gigas et Ostrea edulis) présentant des stratégies reproductives et des histoires contrastées ArchiMer
Boudry, Pierre; Launey, Sophie; Huvet, Arnaud.
The two common oyster species cultivated in Europe are the flat oyster Ostrea edulis and the cupped oyster Crassostrea gigas. These species have two really different reproduction strategies (oviparity versus larviparity) and histories (natural distribution versus introductions linked to oyster culture). We used microsatellite markers to compare the observed variabilities Europe wide. O. edulis presents a lower rate of alleles per locus than C. gigas. The observed structuration levels (global Fst and by pairs values) are similar for both species, but the spatial organisation of the diversity is different. In O. edulis, appears a differentiation based on the distance (concordance of the results with those obtained with the allozymes) whereas in C. gigas,...
Tipo: Text Palavras-chave: Différenciation génétique; Variabilité; Génétique; Crassostrea gigas; Ostrea edulis; Huîtres.
Ano: 1998 URL: http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/1998/acte-3455.pdf
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Approche de la capacité trophique dans le bassin ostréicole (Baie de Bourgneuf) ArchiMer
Haure, Joel; Baud, Jean-pierre.
A hydrobiological study coupled with the evolution of the production of cupped oysters Crassostrea gigas has been carried out from March 1990 to March 1991 on two oyster culture areas (North and South) of the Bay of Bourgneuf. - The northern area is characterized by an environment which is variable though time and composed of a high nutritive and mineral load. This high particular load (average value = 154 mg.l- 1) is linked to meteorological conditions and especially to the wind speed and direction. The individual growth of cultivated oysters is low (i.e.: 58.8 g). - The southern area shows homogenous hydrobiological characteristics throughout the year. The average phytoplanktonic biomass is 4.4 µg.l-l of chlorophyll and the particular load is low...
Tipo: Text Palavras-chave: Hydrobiology; Trophic capacity; Crassostrea gigas; Bay of Bourgneuf; Hydrobiologie; Capacité trophique; Crassostrea gigas; Baie de Bourgneuf.
Ano: 1995 URL: http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/1995/rapport-6441.PDF
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Approche de la capacité trophique dans un bassin ostréicole (Baie de Bourgneuf) ArchiMer
Haure, Joel.
Une étude spatio-temporelle a été menée de mars 1990 à mars 1991 sur deux stations ostréicoles (nord et sud), de la baie de Bourgneuf. Cette étude se divise en deux parties distinctes : - L'une, hydrobiologique a permis, par des prélèvements hebdomadaires à basse mer plus trois heures, de caractériser les masses d'eau qui baignent chaque point d'étude, - L'autre, a eu pour but d'observer, par un suivi mensuel, l'évolution de la croissance, de l'engraissement et de la mortalité d'un échantillon d'huîtres (Crassostrea gigas) élevé sur chacun des secteurs; L'examen des résultats obtenus amène aux constatations suivantes :  - Le secteur nord présente un milieu hétérogène d'une richesse nutritive importante mais est accompagnée d'une charge sestonique minérale...
Tipo: Text Palavras-chave: Baie de Bourgneuf; Crassostrea gigas; Seston; Météorologie; Hydrobiologie; Croissance; Mortalité; Capacité trophique.
Ano: 1994 URL: http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00449/56095/57630.pdf
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Approche de la capacité trophique d'un écosystème conchylicole ArchiMer
Heral, Maurice; Deslous-paoli, Jean-marc; Prou, Jean.
After a short bibliographical study of the different approaches for determination of the trophic capacity of a bay for molluscs culture, the authors, with a global mode, show the relations between the growth performance of the oysters Crassostrea gigas in relation with the cultivated stocks. The volumes of consumed and assimilated food are calculated for the stocks in relation with the incoming volumes of water in the bay and the residence time for neap tide and spring tide. The authors find a decrease of growth rate in relation with the volume of consumed food. When it is above 60% and when the volume of assimilated food is above 20%, there is a large decrease of the growth of oysters.
Tipo: Text Palavras-chave: Crassostrea gigas; Oysters; Stock assessment; Models; Food consumption; Growth; Biomass; Stock cultivé; Biomasse; Croissance; Modèle; Crassostrea gigas; Huîtres; Capacité trophique.
Ano: 1988 URL: http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/1988/acte-3834.PDF
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Approche de l'activité de prédation de l'huître creuse Crassostrea gigas par les bigorneaux perceurs Ocenebra erinacea et Ocenebra inornata. Régulation des populations de perceurs Ocenebra erinacea et Ocenebra inornata : survie vis-à-vis des températures négatives et action du brûlage sur des pontes naturelles ArchiMer
Robert, Stephane; Grangere, Karine; Amiot, Jean-baptiste; Le Moine, Olivier; Soletchnik, Patrick; Guilpain, Patrice; Seugnet, Jean-luc; Geairon, Philippe; Goulletquer, Philippe; Razet, Daniel; Faury, Nicole; Garcia-meunier, Pascale; Martel, C..
Parmi les problèmes qui handicapent la production du bassin, la surexploitation du milieu trophique est souvent mise en référence (Bacher 1989, Héral, 1991) de la même façon des mortalités importantes sont régulièrement enregistrées principalement en période estivale Lodato M.I., 1997, Goulettquer, 1998, Soletchnick, 1998, 2000. Depuis la fin des années 1990 la prédation par bigorneaux perceurs est un problème important régulièrement signalé par les professionnels, au point que la section régionale a organisé un ramassage collectif des perceurs en avril 2001 . Ce problème n' est pas nouveau, dans les années 30, la prédation par Ocenebra erinacea était enregistrée pour ses ravages sur les bancs d'élevage de La Rochelle, Bourgneuf ou Arcachon (Robert S., et...
Tipo: Text Palavras-chave: Bigorneaux perceurs; Ocenebra erinacea; Ocenebra inornata; Huître creuse; Crassostrea gigas; Prédation.
Ano: 2002 URL: http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00077/18791/16367.pdf
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Approche de l'état physiologique de l'huître creuse Crassostrea gigas au cours d'un cycle saisonnier à Marennes-Oléron ArchiMer
Moal, Jeanne; Samain, Jean-francois; Bodoy, Alain; Le Coz, Jean-rene.
The energy charge was measured for two Crassostrea gigas populations, during an annual survey at Marennes Oleron, to appreciate the condition of health of these oysters. It is assumed that the actual decrease in production of this area is related to a biomass overload which affects the oysters by lowering their scope for growth. Energy charge, an index developped by ATKINSON (1968), defines the energy equilibrium of organisms. It is the adenylic nucleotide ratio: E.C = (ATP + 1/2ADP)/ATP + ADP + AMP). We have measured this parameter to determine the state of health of these oysters. A methodological study has been conducted previously to define the conditions of sampling, conservation and extraction for a HPLC assay. The HPLC method (high performance...
Tipo: Text Palavras-chave: Marennes Oleron; Seasonal variations; Crassostrea gigas; Physiological indice; Nucleotides; Energy charge; Marennes Oléron; Cycle saisonnier; Crassostrea gigas; Indiced physiologique; Nucléotides; Charge énergétique.
Ano: 1987 URL: http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/1987/publication-2869.pdf
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Approche des relations entre a croissance de l'huître Crassostrea gigas et le milieu dans le bassin d'Arcachon ArchiMer
Maurer, Daniele.
study of the experimental growth of the oyster Crassostrea gigas was undertaken of 1985 to 1988, parallel to a follow-up hydrobiologic of the medium, in three sites of the basin of Arcachon. - The characteristics of growth of the studied sites proved very stable during various years ; they are also very different from one site to another, the performances being able to vary the simple one with the double of the center of the basin towards the exit on the ocean. It is during the summer and of the autumn that the difference is established between the sectors, the spring growths being similar. The hierarchy observed is associated a more or less great precocity of the laying. - A gradient influences continental oceanic-influence is observed, resulting in more...
Tipo: Text Palavras-chave: Ostreiculture; Oyster; Hydrobiology; Growth; Bay of Arcachon; Crassostrea gigas; Ostréiculture; Huître; Hydrobiologie; Croissance; Baie d'Arcachon; Crassostrea gigas.
Ano: 1989 URL: http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/1989/rapport-1645.pdf
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Approche moléculaire des effets de polluants sur l'infection à virus OsHV-1 (Ostreid Herpesvirus 1) chez l'huître creuse, Crassostrea gigas ArchiMer
Moreau, Kevin.
Des mortalités chez l'huître creuse, Crassostrea gigas, ont été associées au virus OsHV-1 (Oyster herpes virus 1) au stade larvaire et chez des juvéniles. Cependant, aucune mortalité liée à ce virus n'a été rapportée chez les animaux adultes. Cette observation laisse suspecter l'existence de mécanismes dirigés contre ce virus chez cette espèce. Il a peu de connaissances à l'heure actuelle sur les mécanismes de défense antivirale chez les bivalves, en particulier chez l'huître creuse, C. gigas, comme étant sur-exprimés en présence du virus. Ces gènes, s'ils ne peuvent être considérés comme des gènes de défense à proprement parlé, participent à la réponse de l'huître vis à vis du virus. Par ailleurs, des polluants comme les pesticides sont susceptibles de...
Tipo: Text Palavras-chave: Crassostrea gigas; OsHV-1; Pesticides; Expression génétique; RT-PCR semi-quantative.
Ano: 2005 URL: http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00032/14339/11622.pdf
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Approches bibliographique et expérimentale de méthodes permettant d'évaluer l'état de maturité sexuelle des bivalves ArchiMer
Thielley, Maryse.
A l'heure actuelle, l'objectif des éc10series d'huîtres est d'atteindre une autonomie d'approvisionnement en larves quelle que soit la saison et donc d'étaler les émissions de gamètes sur toute l'année. A la suite de problèmes rencontrés pour atteindre cet objectif, il s'est avéré nécessaire d'entreprendre des études sur les méthodes à mettre en oeuvre pour contrôler la qualité de la reproduction en écloserie et notamment l'état de maturité des géniteurs. Notre étude porte sur ce dernier point. Une étude bibliographique présente les différentes méthodes plus ou moins précises, actuellement utilisées pour contrôler l'état de maturité des gonades de bivalves. La majorité d'entre elles nécessite le sacrifice d'animaux. Une approche expérimentale portant...
Tipo: Text Palavras-chave: Crassostrea gigas; Bivalves; Reproduction; Maturité sexuelle; Biopsie.
Ano: 1995 URL: http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00419/53094/54051.pdf
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Approches cellulaires et moléculaires de la gestion des réserves chez l’huître, Crassostrea gigas (Thunberg, 1793). Suivi saisonnier du métabolisme énergétique et effet du niveau trophique sur la mise en réserve ArchiMer
Hanquet, Anne-caroline.
In the Pacific oyster, Crassostrea gigas, the energy necessary for general metabolism and gametogenesis is mainly provided by the glycogen stored in the vesicular cells. The first level of glycogen metabolism control is the entrance of glucose into cells. The monitoring of the uptake capacity of [U-14C] D-glucose revealed the existence of a saturable component with kinetic constants: Km = 0.71 mM ; Vmax = 0.22 nmol/h/106cells. The use of inhibitors has revealed the presence of carriers belonged to GLuT and SGLT types. A follow-up showed a seasonal variation of the uptake capacity and incorporation of glucose into glycogen, and a high expression of SGLT during mobilization of glycogen and gametes maturation. A bioassay in a controlled rearing system has...
Tipo: Text Palavras-chave: Crassostrea gigas; Glucides métabolisme; Glucose; Reproduction; Cryoconservation; Crassostrea gigas; Carbohydrate metabolism; Glucose; Reproduction; Cryoconservation.
Ano: 2009 URL: http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00013/12399/9185.pdf
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